aku memang tak pernah melihat secara langsung, tentang kegiatan apa yang dilakukan si bocah kecil itu. Tapi aku cukup tahu bagaimana perjuangan melawan kejamnya kota sudah dimulai sejak dini...mengapa sejak dini ya..ya karena dia loper koran...
Entah namanya siapa..aku melihatnya dengan gigih...dikala pagi belum muncul diperaduannya...memecahkan sunyi dipinggir jalan menuju suatu tempat. Banyak tumpukan koran disana..untuk dibagikan kepada loper koran. Dia datang dengan semangat sebut saja dia budi..dia datang pukul 5 pagi dia sudah ditempat untuk mengambil bagiannya..berjalan dengan kaki kecilnya dia berkoar-koar dilampu merah. "koran..koran..koran". Dia tidak perduli yang ia kerjakan yang hanya dia tahu hanya bagaimana mencari uang untuk makan, biaya sekolahnya, dll.
Mungkin terlihat sepele bagi kita yang merasa enak. Semua kebutuhan bisa kita dapatkan dengan mudah. Saya sendiripun merasa malu bahkan seperti ditampar-tampar ketika melihatnya.
Saya usia 21 tahun sudah cukup dewasa tetapi terkadang manja
Budi usia 8 tahun masih kanak-kanak tetapi pikiranya dewasa
Kenapa saya malu...ya jelas saya malu..bahkan harus malu sama keadaan seperti bayangkan saja. Saya mahasiswa semester tingkat terakhir yang mungkin baru sadar bahwa kuliah tanpa bolos itu harusnya saya lakukan dari dari dulu. Masih beruntung saya dibiaya oleh orang tua saya. Lalu budi saja yang pagi buta dia harus berjualan koran dahulu baru bisa menikmati bangku sekolah. Belum lagi harus membagi uangnya untuk membantu perekonomian keluarganya walaupun hanya bantu-bantu saja. Sedangkan saya sering mengeluh tidak mempunyai uang jajan saya uring-uringan..belum lagi jika beli uang jajan saya habiskan untuk jajan beli ini itu yang tidak penting...pantas saya harus malu dengan BUDI...
Belum lagi budi harus membagi waktunya dengan belajar..agar tidak tertinggal pelajaran...Sedangkan saya suka bebicara sendiri "ahh tenang saja kan masih ada semester pendek".. oh Tuhan..Engkau memang hebat menciptakan anak sekecil itu..Padahal badanya saja tidak lebih besar dari badanku. Saya malu teramat sangat Tuhan dengan si Budi. Semoga saja saya bisa merubah diri saya sendiri dan menjadi si gigih Budi...
Selasa, 28 Februari 2012
Selasa, 21 Februari 2012
RENUNGAN SIANG HARI
Merenung bukan kegiatan yang aneh buat siapapun. Kegiatan ini dapat dilakukan setiap hari bahkan setiap waktu. Buat sebagian orang yang mengatakan dirinya Introspeksi diri mereka mungkin hal ini adalah kegiatan yang wajib. Tapi buat saya merenung bagaikan hobby.....hahahha tau tidak kenapa karena saya selalu melakukan ini di siang hari...
Mengapa siang hari karena disini awalnya..
Tidak ada kegiatan penuh dikala sendiri dirumah...
Mengaca dan berbicara sendiri bentuk renungan yang saya lakukan...cukup aneh tapi itu saya
Siang dirumah saya itu cukup hening..
Bukan berarti malam seperti pasar disini...
Mengapa merenung
Dengan merenung saya bisa menangis
Dengan merenung saya bisa tertawa
Dengan merenung saya bisa belajar
Dengan merenung saya bisa dewasa
Walaupun
Tidak semua saya bisa lakukan sendiri karena saya adalah HUMAN
Tidak semua saya bisa rasakan sendiri karena saya adalah MANUSIA
Tidak semua saya bisa Jalankan sendiri karena saya adalah SOSIAL
renungan sekali lagi hanya membuat ketenangan bagi hati saya..yang terkadang sebagai pengalihan bagi jiwa yang terkadang galau.. risau..gundah akibat kecaman bahkan cibiran yang membuat saya down...dengan renungan itulah yang saya lakukan untuk mendoktrin otak saya sendiri menjadi pribadi yang menjadi diri sendiri dan tetap tidak menjadi egois karena walaupun tadi yang telah dijelaskan diatas...
Mengapa siang hari karena disini awalnya..
Tidak ada kegiatan penuh dikala sendiri dirumah...
Mengaca dan berbicara sendiri bentuk renungan yang saya lakukan...cukup aneh tapi itu saya
Siang dirumah saya itu cukup hening..
Bukan berarti malam seperti pasar disini...
Mengapa merenung
Dengan merenung saya bisa menangis
Dengan merenung saya bisa tertawa
Dengan merenung saya bisa belajar
Dengan merenung saya bisa dewasa
Walaupun
Tidak semua saya bisa lakukan sendiri karena saya adalah HUMAN
Tidak semua saya bisa rasakan sendiri karena saya adalah MANUSIA
Tidak semua saya bisa Jalankan sendiri karena saya adalah SOSIAL
renungan sekali lagi hanya membuat ketenangan bagi hati saya..yang terkadang sebagai pengalihan bagi jiwa yang terkadang galau.. risau..gundah akibat kecaman bahkan cibiran yang membuat saya down...dengan renungan itulah yang saya lakukan untuk mendoktrin otak saya sendiri menjadi pribadi yang menjadi diri sendiri dan tetap tidak menjadi egois karena walaupun tadi yang telah dijelaskan diatas...
Selasa, 01 November 2011
MENCIPTAKAN PERSAINGAN YANG SEHAT
Nama : Dwi Astuti
Kelas : 4EB06
NPM : 2020 8396
Kelompok : 4
Sumber : Kompas, 18 September 2011
Menciptakan persaingan yang sehat
Persaingan dalam dunia bisnis perlu untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan kualitas, tetapi persaingan tersebut tidak mematikan yang lemah, dan sebaliknya, harus terdapat jalinan yang erat antara pelaku bisnis besar dan golongan menengah kebawah, sehingga dengan perkembangannya perusahaan besar mampu memberikan spread effect terhadap perkembangan sekitarnya. Untuk itu dalam menciptakan persaingan perlu ada kekuatan-kekuatan yang seimbang dalam dunia bisnis tersebut.
Pada Wacana “Indonesia Secangkir Kopi” yang menceritakan bagaimana kedai-kedai kopi lokal di Indonesia, sangat sulit mendapatkan kopi yang berkualitas khas Indonesia. Hal ini sangat merugikan kedai kopi lokal yang sifat usahanya masih golongan menengah kebawah. Contoh saja kedai kopi Anomali, kedai kopi lokal yang sukses di tengah maraknya kedai kopi Internasional.
Kedai kopi lokal seperti Kedai Kopi Anomali, bercerita bahwa mereka sempat kesulitan mendapatkan kopi berkualitas premium melalui pedagang (trader) kopi yang bermain dipelataran internasional. Para trader tidak mau melayani pasar domestik Indonesia, karena sikap para trader yang pragmatis kepada kedai kopi lokal yang tidak membeli sebanyak pasar internasional. Tidak semua Kedai kopi di Indonesia mampu melakukan produksi kopi sendiri.
Hal ini sangat disayangkan sekali, padahal trader tersebut melakukan penjualan dan memproduksi kopi dari tanah Indonesia. Kalau terus menerus kejadian ini terjadi dan menimpa kedai kopi lokal di Indonesia, akan menghambat bisnis mereka. Indonesia sendiri akan mengalami kekurangan pendapatan dari ukm seperti ini bahkan pengangguran juga sulit terselesaikannya. Indonesia yang memiliki kebijakan pro pasar ini, seharusnya dapat memberikan kebijakan tersendiri bagi trader-trader yang seperti ini. Trader seperti ini tidak memberikan perkembangan bagi negeri sendiri dan harus diberikan sanksi yang tegas.
Dari dua bisnis tersebut sangat kurang menggambarkan persaingan yang sehat antar trader kopi dan kedai kopi lokal di Indonesia. Diharapkan trader juga memberika peluang bagi para kedai kopi yang baru bertumbuh besar, jangan saling melemahkan antara yang satu dengan yang lain.dan sebaiknya pemerintah memberikan jalan keluar berupa hal-hal yang dapat menguatakan kegiatan ekonomi pasar di Indonesia. Sehingga para pembisnis pemula seperti ini mudah mengembangkan dan akan diikuti oleh bisnis ukm yang lainnya.
Selasa, 18 Oktober 2011
Fenoma Pengamen Jalan
Haruskah aku malu
Aku bau dan lusuh
Haruskah aku sedih
Aku lesu dan lapar
Berilah aku belas kasihan
Dengan segala kekejaman jaman
Berilah aku belasan uang
Dengan selaga kekayaan beliau
tidak...oh...ooooooh...tidak
Aku bukan pengemis
Aku bukan peminta
Aku hanya pekerja
Aku hanya pendendang
Siapa saja boleh berkomentar
Siapa saja boleh berceramah
Tentang aku
Tentang saya
Inilah aku mereka bilang aku bau
Inilah saya mereka bilang aku penggangu
Inilah aku mereka bilang aku rusuh
Inilah saya mereka bilang aku pemaksa
bukannnn...oh...bukannn
panggilan aku pengamen jalan
panggilan saya pengamen trotoar
salah saya seperti ini
salah aku seperti ini
saya hanya ingin bekerja dengan hati
saya hanya ingin bekerja dengan jiwa
bukan seperti mereka bertopeng
bukan seperti mereka dipaksa
itu itu bukan saya
yang seperti ini bukan
itu itu bukan aku
yang seperti ini tidak
aku hanya bisa menyusuri jalan
aku hanya bernyanyi sesuai kebenaran
aku bukan pengemis
aku bukan peminta
tolongggg ohhhh tolongggg
Mereka bernyanyi dari hati..mendendangkan lagu walau nada terkadang tak tentu...begitu setiap waktu untuk mencari angkutan umum dipinggir trotoar. Melihat angkutan mana yang ramai tapi baik hati. Membagi bukan hanya sekedar materi. Senyum penumpang senang dikala kami bernyanyi. Kami mungkin dianggap lebih kecil dari seisi angkutan itu. Tapi kami punya nyali lebih menantang dari seisi jalan. Walaupun hidup terkadang tidak bisa kami tantang dengan mudah. Karena kami tahu Tuhan Maha Besar selalu melindungi kami dengan fenomena dijalan.
Aku bau dan lusuh
Haruskah aku sedih
Aku lesu dan lapar
Berilah aku belas kasihan
Dengan segala kekejaman jaman
Berilah aku belasan uang
Dengan selaga kekayaan beliau
tidak...oh...ooooooh...tidak
Aku bukan pengemis
Aku bukan peminta
Aku hanya pekerja
Aku hanya pendendang
Siapa saja boleh berkomentar
Siapa saja boleh berceramah
Tentang aku
Tentang saya
Inilah aku mereka bilang aku bau
Inilah saya mereka bilang aku penggangu
Inilah aku mereka bilang aku rusuh
Inilah saya mereka bilang aku pemaksa
bukannnn...oh...bukannn
panggilan aku pengamen jalan
panggilan saya pengamen trotoar
salah saya seperti ini
salah aku seperti ini
saya hanya ingin bekerja dengan hati
saya hanya ingin bekerja dengan jiwa
bukan seperti mereka bertopeng
bukan seperti mereka dipaksa
itu itu bukan saya
yang seperti ini bukan
itu itu bukan aku
yang seperti ini tidak
aku hanya bisa menyusuri jalan
aku hanya bernyanyi sesuai kebenaran
aku bukan pengemis
aku bukan peminta
tolongggg ohhhh tolongggg
Mereka bernyanyi dari hati..mendendangkan lagu walau nada terkadang tak tentu...begitu setiap waktu untuk mencari angkutan umum dipinggir trotoar. Melihat angkutan mana yang ramai tapi baik hati. Membagi bukan hanya sekedar materi. Senyum penumpang senang dikala kami bernyanyi. Kami mungkin dianggap lebih kecil dari seisi angkutan itu. Tapi kami punya nyali lebih menantang dari seisi jalan. Walaupun hidup terkadang tidak bisa kami tantang dengan mudah. Karena kami tahu Tuhan Maha Besar selalu melindungi kami dengan fenomena dijalan.
Senin, 03 Oktober 2011
Minggu, 17 Juli 2011
WOHOALLLAAA yippii hore
Selamat hari senin semuanya..
Aku mau berbagi cerita buat teman-teman aku semuanya. Baik teman-teman kuliah dan teman-teman lainnya. Semester enam adalah semester yang meneganggkan bagi semua teman-teman kuliah aku di Universitas Gunadarma. Kita semua harus melakuklan Penulisan Ilmiah atau PI. Hal ini adalah tuntutan pendidikan dikampus ku UG.
Ketika semester dan mata kuliah itu datang di krs dan hari-hari kami, semua terasa berubah bagi kami. Semua nya merasa takut tidak dapat menyelesaikan dengan baik. Saya dan teman-teman selalu berdoa untuk dosen pembimbing masing-masing. Mereka meduga-duga siapakah yang dipilih Allah SWT yang akan membimbing mereka dan aku juga. Aku sangat senang sekali karena dosen pembimbing aku baik sekali. Beliau bernama Ibu Reni Diah Kusumawati, SE, MMSI. Beliau mempunyai banyak waktu dalam memberikan bimbingan kepada kami.
Judul Penulisan aku adalah Analisis Fundamental Sebagai Dasar Keputusan Investasi Saham. Aku juga tidak tahu kenapa aku mengambil judul ini. Tapi Alhamdulillah aku lulus ketika aku sidang kemarin tgl 12 juli. Tulisan ini aku ingin persembahan rasa terima kasih kepada kedua orang tuaku, kakak-kakakku, pacarku, dan tidak lupa juga dosen pembimbingku, dan teman-temanku.. Dan buat teman-teman aku yakin kamu bisa pasti bisa dan harus bisa...
Aku mau berbagi cerita buat teman-teman aku semuanya. Baik teman-teman kuliah dan teman-teman lainnya. Semester enam adalah semester yang meneganggkan bagi semua teman-teman kuliah aku di Universitas Gunadarma. Kita semua harus melakuklan Penulisan Ilmiah atau PI. Hal ini adalah tuntutan pendidikan dikampus ku UG.
Ketika semester dan mata kuliah itu datang di krs dan hari-hari kami, semua terasa berubah bagi kami. Semua nya merasa takut tidak dapat menyelesaikan dengan baik. Saya dan teman-teman selalu berdoa untuk dosen pembimbing masing-masing. Mereka meduga-duga siapakah yang dipilih Allah SWT yang akan membimbing mereka dan aku juga. Aku sangat senang sekali karena dosen pembimbing aku baik sekali. Beliau bernama Ibu Reni Diah Kusumawati, SE, MMSI. Beliau mempunyai banyak waktu dalam memberikan bimbingan kepada kami.
Judul Penulisan aku adalah Analisis Fundamental Sebagai Dasar Keputusan Investasi Saham. Aku juga tidak tahu kenapa aku mengambil judul ini. Tapi Alhamdulillah aku lulus ketika aku sidang kemarin tgl 12 juli. Tulisan ini aku ingin persembahan rasa terima kasih kepada kedua orang tuaku, kakak-kakakku, pacarku, dan tidak lupa juga dosen pembimbingku, dan teman-temanku.. Dan buat teman-teman aku yakin kamu bisa pasti bisa dan harus bisa...
Jumat, 15 April 2011
The Difference Between TOEFL and TOIEC
Nama : Dwi Astuti
NPM : 20208396
Kelas : 3EB06
The Difference Between TOEFL and TOIEC
So far, we have very often heard the word TOEFL. And we know this test only make us prove proficient in the English language. It turned out so far its still less to prove but with the test TOEFL TOEIC named. I want review about the differences in the TOEFL and TOEIC.
1. Test Of English as Foreign Language (TOEFL)
TOEFL stands for Test of Home as a Foreign Language. This is a test of English as a foreign language. These tests test the ability of a person to the extent to which mastery of English that includes the ability: Listening Comprehension (Comprehension in listening), Structure and Written Exxpression (Structure and expression in writing relating to the Home Grammar or Grammar English (Reading Comprehension (Reading Comprehension), and Writing (Writing).
Almost one million students from 180 countries register to take the TOEFL every year at 1,275 test centers in the United States and in their home countries. Some of them do not pass the TOEFL because they do not understand enough English. Others do not pas because they do not understand the examination. The following questions commonly asked by students as they prepare for the TOEFL. To help you, they have been answered here.
Toefl test started with a project that digunakana Ferguson to measure the language ability of government employees and students, and since the 1960's, the TOEFL test has been administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS), an organization of international testing standards.
Toefl test consists of tests in reading, writing, listening and speaking. Formerly only test toefl paper-based test and computer test, but since 2005 has been a lot of internet-based test to replace the two previous tests.
When applied to the overall TOEFL test approximately 150 minutes, for the Paper and Pencil Based TOEFL, and about 240 minutes for the Computer Based TOEFL. Time for Computer-Based TOEFL is relatively long because it includes tutorials procedure.
The TOEFL is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Service (ETS) and given worldwide. This test was first given in 1964 and has since been taken by more than 23 million students. The test was originally developed at the Center for Applied Linguistics led by linguists, Dr. Charles A. Ferguson.
TOEFL Committee of Examiners consists of 12 specialists in linguistics, language testing, teaching or research. Its main responsibility is to advise on the contents of the TOEFL test. This committee helps to ensure a valid test is a measure of English proficiency to reflect current trends and methodologies.
Background Based in Washington, DC, Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL) is a nonprofit organization committed to researching the relationship between language and culture Founded in 1959, the first director was Charles A. Ferguson (1921-1998, which has been given a similar program in the Middle East and taught as a professor at Harvard University. Ferguson guided the center to develop practical solutions to apply language and literacy concerns of international and national government. Originally Ferguson One of the initial project is to develop test which will measure the command language that ESL (English-as-a-Second-Language) students and government employees have. Ferguson and fellow researchers developed applied linguistics TOEFL test during the first five years of CAL. In 1964, the first official TOEFL test taken at pusat.Pembangunan Since the late 1960s, the TOEFL test has been administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS), an organization of international testing standards. According to ETS, between 1964 and 2008, 24 million people, mostly international students, have taken the test. Introduced in 2005, Internet-based test has replaced the computer-based format and paper-based, with computer-based results was ruled no longer valid in 2006.
Since 1998, the TOEFL test is conducted online using a computer (Computer-based Testing / CBT), and since 2005 called the iBT (Internet-based Test). In places that have not been able to carry out CBT or iBT (because there are no computer facilities and internet networks), the TOEFL test is still conducted manually using paper and pencil (paper-based test or PBT). More information about CBT tests and paper-based TOEFL relating to registration, venue, cost, and test preparation materials can be viewed on the official website of the TOEFL, http://www.toefl.org (CBT version of the TOEFL exam results have value ranges from 0 to 300, while the value for the iBT is from 0 to 120) [1].
Lately organizers also held a kind of TOEFL test TWE (Test of Written Home), which results in value is separate from the TOEFL test scores. This test takes 30 minutes, and participants will be asked to write a short essay that describes the ability of participants to express and translate an idea or ideas, and supporting the idea with the examples found in daily life using the English language standard.
Another type of test is TSEP TOEFL (Test of Spoken Home Program) which is similar to the individual interviews on the IELTS test. They are usually used when we want to register as a teaching assistant or lab assistant (as one way to offset the cost of tuition) in universias in the U.S. (or other countries.) Form tests conducted orally and lasts for approximately 20 minutes. Implementation time and the deadline for registration together with other TOEFL tests, and costs approximately U.S. $ 100.
a. The ability of any tested in TOEFL test?
There are three parts of the TOEFL test to be done by test participants. The first part is the questions that measure the ability of Listening Comprehension in the number of 50 questions, Structure & Written Expression, 40 questions, and Reading Comprehension, 50 questions. The entire matter was made in the form of multiple choice (except for the Computer Based TOEFL test is a matter of the essay writing ability of participants in English and other variations to match the form of questions such as, to highlight certain words in connection with the main idea of a reading, etc..). The entire test takes place in time approximately 150 minutes, for the Paper and Pencil Based TOEFL, and approximately 240 minutes for the Computer Based TOEFL. A relatively long time for the Computer Based TOEFL tutorials are included procedures.
b. How many kinds of TOEFL test?
There are two types of TOEFL tests, namely 1) Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL, and 2) Computer-Based TOEFL. Type the first TOEFL test is the TOEFL test that we know so far, where both questions and answers done by using paper and pencil. While the second type of TOEFL test is a relatively new test model because it was first introduced in 1998. As stated in its name, this test uses a computer in the delivery of and participant test because these tests also will answer via the computer.
c. In addition to the above two types of tests, whether there are other types of TOEFL test?
For the purposes of pre-selection or internal use of an institution, then the ETS as a developer and provider agency also conducts TOEFL TOEFL ITP (ITP = Institutional Testing Programme). The number of questions and level of difficulty did not differ with ITP TOEFL Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL and the Computer Based TOEFL, because the questions used in the TOEFL ITP TOEFL test is a matter that has been used before. Differences that need to be known by those who plan to follow the TOEFL test is that the score obtained from the TOEFL ITP in its use is limited. Universities and colleges in America, for example, will only accept scores from the TOEFL Paper and Pencil-Based or Computer Based TOEFL. Another difference is in terms of test cost. Currently, the cost of Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL and the Computer Based TOEFL is U.S. $ 110, while the TOEFL ITP is relatively cheaper cost of U.S. $ 25. There should also note that the Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL and the Computer Based TOEFL Test Center is only held in particular with the schedule of tests that have been determined in advance, while the TOEFL ITP implementation is more flexible schedule and in Indonesia is conducted by the IIEF (The Indonesian International Education Foundation) with coordinate with the central language in public universities.
In addition to TOEFL ITP, there is also a TOEFL Prediction / Equivalent Test that is usually used to estimate the TOEFL score before the relevant person take another TOEFL test (TOEFL Paper and Pencil-Based, Computer Based TOEFL, TOEFL ITP). Type Prediction TOEFL test is generally conducted by the institute / center language or places that hold training courses TOEFL.
d. Is there a difference in the scoring system based TOEFL Paper and Pencil, Computer Based TOEFL, ITP TOEFL and TOEFL Prediction Test?
True, rating or scoring system used for the Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL, TOEFL ITP, TOEFL Prediction Test and the Computer Based TOEFL is different. This is done of course with the intention to avoid misunderstandings in the interpretation of test scores reported by participants. The range of scores used by the Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL, TOEFL ITP, and TOEFL Prediction Test is 310 (lowest score) up to 677 (highest score), whereas for the Computer Based TOEFL, the lowest value is 0 and the highest value of 300 (TOEFL Score User Guide , 2000-2001). About the overall level of difficulty for this type of course the same test, so it can be said those who obtain a score of 677 on the TOEFL Paper and Pencil Based expected to obtain a score of 300 on Computer Based TOEFL, and vice versa if a participant obtained a score of 213 tests in the TOEFL test that uses computer (Computer Based TOEFL), the corresponding score on the Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL is 550.
e. How is the relationship of scores obtained by the level of one's mastery of English?
In general, we recognize three levels of mastery of foreign languages, namely Basic Level (Elementary), Intermediate Level (Intermediate) and Advanced (Advanced). TOEFL score, experts typically classify the language of this score into the following four levels (Carson, et al., 1990):
• Elementary Level (Elementary): 310 s.d. 420
• Lower Secondary Level (Low Intermediate): 420 sd 480
• Secondary Level (High Intermediate): 480 sd 520
• Advanced (Advanced): 525 677 s.d
From the classification score above, may arise if the TOEFL test questions given to American students, for example, whether they will have difficulty working on the TOEFL questions? Studies conducted by Johnson (1977) mentions that the average scores obtained by 173 first and second year students at the University of Tennessee, United States, is 628. That is, for English speakers themselves, the questions TOEFL can be done easily, as evidenced from which they obtained a score at the level of Proficient or Advanced.
By knowing the classification level of mastery of English, as seen above, we can certainly understand why it seems reasonable that universities in countries that use English as its official language, requires a certain TOEFL score for the candidate of their international students. To be accepted in S1, they commonly set score is approximately 475 sd 550, whereas for S2 and S3 program entry requirements TOEFLnya scores be higher, around 550 sd 600.
Questions are often raised in discussion forums English teachers in Indonesia is what should be the mastery of English a student in Indonesia so they can add to scientific knowledge through reading, written in English? Mastery at the level of Primary (Elementary) would not contribute significantly to the students in Indonesia in terms of efforts to increase knowledge through textbooks / written knowledge in English. Required minimum mastery level of Senior Secondary (High Intermediate) so the students can absorb the course material is written in English with relative ease.
Several universities in Indonesia has set a certain TOEFL score for its students (Huda, 1999). In connection with efforts to improve the quality of college graduates, a regulation requiring college students have a mastery of the TOEFL to a certain extent is expected to have a positive impact and we should support. A good mastery of English are expected to increase the ability to think and work on a global level, the working conditions in the future we need to prepare from now.
f. When and where someone could take the TOEFL test?
Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL and the Computer Based TOEFL can be taken only at a certain time that has been scheduled long before the test was held. Place or testing center where both tests are held also been determined by the ETS as a licensee TOEFL test. Both kinds of TOEFL tests are held on a specific testing center tsb. also called the International TOEFL. This is intended to distinguish between them with ITP TOEFL and TOEFL Equivalent / Prediction.
As for the ITP TOEFL, test participants should contact the institution that has been designated by the IIEF Jakarta as a place of execution. For the implementation of the ITP TOEFL is required of participants at least 10 people. Unmul Language Institute since 2001 is one institution that has the right conduct TOEFL ITP.
Type of TOEFL test Prediction / Equivalent is the most flexible type of test implementation. In the Hall of Languages Unmul, this test also a test of the most widely followed by those who want to measure mastery of English for various purposes. Every time the test participant can take the test by contacting Hall of Languages Unmul at least one day before the day of operation.
Traveling to East Java
Example:
Mother Tell me about your trip to East Java.
Girl It was interesting. First, we flew by Garuda Airlines to Surabaya city. There we spent one night traveling around the Singapore of Surabaya. It was late when we ate Chinese food and saw Contemporary Dance in Double Happiness Restaurant near the city center. The next day, we continued our trip to Malang city where we visited the Alun-alun Park, and the Bird Market and all of the tourist attractions in the city, then the next morning we went to Mount Bromo to see the Kesodo ritual. Before leaving for Jakarta, we went Bakso bakar restaurant in Candi Trowulan street of Malang city.
Mother Did you enjoy the vacation?
Girl Yes, I did. Although the weather was very hot in Surabaya, the food there was delicious and the people were very friendly.
2. Test Of English for International Communication (TOEIC)
TOEIC is the acronym for Test of Home for International Communication. TOEIC test is an English proficiency test for people who native language is not English. TOEIC test scores indicate how well people can communicate in English with others in the global work environment. The test requires no specialized knowledge or vocabulary, these tests only measure the kind of English used in everyday activities.
What is the TOEIC® test?
“TOEIC®” stands for the Test of English for International Communication. The TOEIC® test is an English language proficiency test for people whose native language is not English. TOEIC® test scores indicate how well people can communicate in English with others in global workplace. The test does not require specialized knowledge or vocabulary; it measures only the kind of English used in everyday activities.
The TOEIC® test is the world’s leading test of English language proficiency in a workplace context. More than 4,000 corporation worldwide use the TOEIC® test, and more than 2 million people register to take the test every year.
What is the format of the TOEIC® test?
TOEIC® test is a two-hour, paper and pencil, multiple-choice test that consists of 200 questions divided into two separately timed sections:
• Section I: Listening Comprehension
This section consists of 100 questions and is divided into four parts. Candidates listen to a recording of a variety of statements, questions, short conversations, short talks, then answer questions based on the listening seqments. The entire Listening Comprehension Section takes approximately 45 minutes.
Part 1: Photographs 20 items (4-choice)
Part 2: Question and Response 30 items (3-choice)
Part 3: Short Conversation 30 items (4-choice)
Part 4: Short Talks 20 items (4-choice)
• Section II: Reading
The Reading Section consists of 100 questions presented in written format in the test booklet. Candidates read a variety of materials and respond at their own pace to questions based on the materials. The entire Reading Section takes 75 minutes.
Part 5: Incomplete Sentences 40 items (4-choice)
Part 6: Error Recognition 20 items (4-choice)
Part 7: Reading Comprehension 40 items (4-choice)
Candidates respond to the test questions by marking one of the letters (A), (B), (C), or (D) with a pencil on a separate answer sheet. Although the actual testing time is approximately two hours, additional time is needed to allow candidates to complete the biographical questions on the answer sheet and to respond to a brief questionnaire about their educational and work history.
What is the content of the TOEIC® test?
The TOEIC® test was designed to meet the needs of the working world. The test questions are developed from samples of spoken and written language collected from various countries around the world where English is used in the workplace. Test questions include many different settings and situations, such as:
• General business – contracts, negotiations, marketing, sales, business planning, conferences
• Manufacturing – plant management, assembly lines, quality control
• Finance and budgeting – banking, investments, taxes, accounting, billing
• Corporate development – research, product development
• Offices – board meetings, committees, letters, memoranda, telephone, fax and e-mail messages, office equipment and furniture, office procedures
• Personnel –recruiting, hiring, retiring, salaries, promotions, job applications, advertisements
• Purchasing – shopping, ordering supplies, shipping, invoices
• Technical areas – electronics, technology, computers, laboratories and related equipment, technical specifications
• Housing/ corporate property – construction, specifications, buying and renting, electric and gas services.
• Travel – trains, airplanes, taxis, buses, ships, ferries, tickets, schedules, station and airport announcements, car rentals, hotels, reservations, delays and cancellations
• Dining out – business and informal lunches, banquets, receptions, restaurant reservations
• Entertainment – cinema, theater, music, art, media
• Health – medical insurance, visiting doctors, dentists, clinics, hospitals
While the language from these settings provides the context of the test questions, candidates are not required to know specialized business and technical vocabulary. TOEIC® test is suitable for use in all environments where English is used by native speakers of other languages.
Who takes the TOEIC® test?
TOEIC® test takers include:
• People who use English in everyday work settings, such as business, hotels, hospitals, restaurants, airline industries, international meetings, conventions, and sports events.
• Managerial, sales, and technical employees in international business, commerce, and industry where English language skills are necessary
• People whose professional training will be conducted in English
• People who want to have an internationally recognized measure of English proficiency for their resume or curriculum vitae
Who uses the TOEIC® test and how is it used?
Organizations The TOEIC® test has become a recognized standard for many organizations around the world that need to evaluate the English proficiency of prospective or existing employees. Appropriate uses of the TOEIC® test in organizations may include:
• Recruiting, promoting, and placing employees – organizations may use the TOEIC® test to establish score standards, or benchmarks, based on the levels of English necessary to carry out particular responsibilities. These benchmarks are then used in making personnel decisions.
• Technical training – TOEIC® test scores can be used to determine whether an individual has sufficient English proficiency to participate in and benefit from training that is conducted in English.
• Overseas assignments – TOEIC® test scores can indicate whether an employee will be able to work and interact successfully if posted in an English – speaking country.
• Language training – TOEIC® test scores can be used to identify employees who require further English language training, to set learning goals for them, and to check their progress.
The Difference Between TOEFL and TOIEC
There are some differences, between TOEIC and TOEFL. In terms of purpose, TOEFL is used for academic purposes. While the TOEIC is used to find employment, business, and communications. So, the TOEIC as a life skill, more to the application, because every day in practice.
Then, in a comparison of the results of the assessment was different. For TOEFL, rather the value to individuals and institutions only. Meanwhile, TOEIC, in addition to individual scores are also useful in certification, benchmarking reports and analysis. Another difference seen in this type of test. Because, in TOIEC tested only listening and reading alone. Unlike the TOEFL test includes speaking and writing.
• But, Which One?
However, if viewed from the side of the needs and ages, will be able to choose which ones should be used. For example, students need a TOEFL more than TOIEC. This is because the subjects they still contained writing. However, beyond that, it should also exist in TOIEC exercises for writing. Because, however, this capability is also needed in the workplace.
In addition, because TOIEC using international standards, may be rational if the price of expensive test. Reportedly, all tests require funding of about 400 thousand per person. This price can be quite high for the general public, especially for students. Not everyone is able to fulfill it. Unlike the TOEFL is 'decent' affordable, enough with the 30 thousand only, the test can be performed. This becomes another consideration to weigh up the two types of this test. So, adjust the contents of money.
Refrensi :
1. http://www.its.ac.id/berita.php?nomer=2717
2. http://englishland.or.id/index.htm
3. http://ardian-dc.blogspot.com/2011/03/sejarah-toefl.html
4. http://kursusinggris.wordpress.com
NPM : 20208396
Kelas : 3EB06
The Difference Between TOEFL and TOIEC
So far, we have very often heard the word TOEFL. And we know this test only make us prove proficient in the English language. It turned out so far its still less to prove but with the test TOEFL TOEIC named. I want review about the differences in the TOEFL and TOEIC.
1. Test Of English as Foreign Language (TOEFL)
TOEFL stands for Test of Home as a Foreign Language. This is a test of English as a foreign language. These tests test the ability of a person to the extent to which mastery of English that includes the ability: Listening Comprehension (Comprehension in listening), Structure and Written Exxpression (Structure and expression in writing relating to the Home Grammar or Grammar English (Reading Comprehension (Reading Comprehension), and Writing (Writing).
Almost one million students from 180 countries register to take the TOEFL every year at 1,275 test centers in the United States and in their home countries. Some of them do not pass the TOEFL because they do not understand enough English. Others do not pas because they do not understand the examination. The following questions commonly asked by students as they prepare for the TOEFL. To help you, they have been answered here.
Toefl test started with a project that digunakana Ferguson to measure the language ability of government employees and students, and since the 1960's, the TOEFL test has been administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS), an organization of international testing standards.
Toefl test consists of tests in reading, writing, listening and speaking. Formerly only test toefl paper-based test and computer test, but since 2005 has been a lot of internet-based test to replace the two previous tests.
When applied to the overall TOEFL test approximately 150 minutes, for the Paper and Pencil Based TOEFL, and about 240 minutes for the Computer Based TOEFL. Time for Computer-Based TOEFL is relatively long because it includes tutorials procedure.
The TOEFL is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Service (ETS) and given worldwide. This test was first given in 1964 and has since been taken by more than 23 million students. The test was originally developed at the Center for Applied Linguistics led by linguists, Dr. Charles A. Ferguson.
TOEFL Committee of Examiners consists of 12 specialists in linguistics, language testing, teaching or research. Its main responsibility is to advise on the contents of the TOEFL test. This committee helps to ensure a valid test is a measure of English proficiency to reflect current trends and methodologies.
Background Based in Washington, DC, Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL) is a nonprofit organization committed to researching the relationship between language and culture Founded in 1959, the first director was Charles A. Ferguson (1921-1998, which has been given a similar program in the Middle East and taught as a professor at Harvard University. Ferguson guided the center to develop practical solutions to apply language and literacy concerns of international and national government. Originally Ferguson One of the initial project is to develop test which will measure the command language that ESL (English-as-a-Second-Language) students and government employees have. Ferguson and fellow researchers developed applied linguistics TOEFL test during the first five years of CAL. In 1964, the first official TOEFL test taken at pusat.Pembangunan Since the late 1960s, the TOEFL test has been administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS), an organization of international testing standards. According to ETS, between 1964 and 2008, 24 million people, mostly international students, have taken the test. Introduced in 2005, Internet-based test has replaced the computer-based format and paper-based, with computer-based results was ruled no longer valid in 2006.
Since 1998, the TOEFL test is conducted online using a computer (Computer-based Testing / CBT), and since 2005 called the iBT (Internet-based Test). In places that have not been able to carry out CBT or iBT (because there are no computer facilities and internet networks), the TOEFL test is still conducted manually using paper and pencil (paper-based test or PBT). More information about CBT tests and paper-based TOEFL relating to registration, venue, cost, and test preparation materials can be viewed on the official website of the TOEFL, http://www.toefl.org (CBT version of the TOEFL exam results have value ranges from 0 to 300, while the value for the iBT is from 0 to 120) [1].
Lately organizers also held a kind of TOEFL test TWE (Test of Written Home), which results in value is separate from the TOEFL test scores. This test takes 30 minutes, and participants will be asked to write a short essay that describes the ability of participants to express and translate an idea or ideas, and supporting the idea with the examples found in daily life using the English language standard.
Another type of test is TSEP TOEFL (Test of Spoken Home Program) which is similar to the individual interviews on the IELTS test. They are usually used when we want to register as a teaching assistant or lab assistant (as one way to offset the cost of tuition) in universias in the U.S. (or other countries.) Form tests conducted orally and lasts for approximately 20 minutes. Implementation time and the deadline for registration together with other TOEFL tests, and costs approximately U.S. $ 100.
a. The ability of any tested in TOEFL test?
There are three parts of the TOEFL test to be done by test participants. The first part is the questions that measure the ability of Listening Comprehension in the number of 50 questions, Structure & Written Expression, 40 questions, and Reading Comprehension, 50 questions. The entire matter was made in the form of multiple choice (except for the Computer Based TOEFL test is a matter of the essay writing ability of participants in English and other variations to match the form of questions such as, to highlight certain words in connection with the main idea of a reading, etc..). The entire test takes place in time approximately 150 minutes, for the Paper and Pencil Based TOEFL, and approximately 240 minutes for the Computer Based TOEFL. A relatively long time for the Computer Based TOEFL tutorials are included procedures.
b. How many kinds of TOEFL test?
There are two types of TOEFL tests, namely 1) Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL, and 2) Computer-Based TOEFL. Type the first TOEFL test is the TOEFL test that we know so far, where both questions and answers done by using paper and pencil. While the second type of TOEFL test is a relatively new test model because it was first introduced in 1998. As stated in its name, this test uses a computer in the delivery of and participant test because these tests also will answer via the computer.
c. In addition to the above two types of tests, whether there are other types of TOEFL test?
For the purposes of pre-selection or internal use of an institution, then the ETS as a developer and provider agency also conducts TOEFL TOEFL ITP (ITP = Institutional Testing Programme). The number of questions and level of difficulty did not differ with ITP TOEFL Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL and the Computer Based TOEFL, because the questions used in the TOEFL ITP TOEFL test is a matter that has been used before. Differences that need to be known by those who plan to follow the TOEFL test is that the score obtained from the TOEFL ITP in its use is limited. Universities and colleges in America, for example, will only accept scores from the TOEFL Paper and Pencil-Based or Computer Based TOEFL. Another difference is in terms of test cost. Currently, the cost of Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL and the Computer Based TOEFL is U.S. $ 110, while the TOEFL ITP is relatively cheaper cost of U.S. $ 25. There should also note that the Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL and the Computer Based TOEFL Test Center is only held in particular with the schedule of tests that have been determined in advance, while the TOEFL ITP implementation is more flexible schedule and in Indonesia is conducted by the IIEF (The Indonesian International Education Foundation) with coordinate with the central language in public universities.
In addition to TOEFL ITP, there is also a TOEFL Prediction / Equivalent Test that is usually used to estimate the TOEFL score before the relevant person take another TOEFL test (TOEFL Paper and Pencil-Based, Computer Based TOEFL, TOEFL ITP). Type Prediction TOEFL test is generally conducted by the institute / center language or places that hold training courses TOEFL.
d. Is there a difference in the scoring system based TOEFL Paper and Pencil, Computer Based TOEFL, ITP TOEFL and TOEFL Prediction Test?
True, rating or scoring system used for the Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL, TOEFL ITP, TOEFL Prediction Test and the Computer Based TOEFL is different. This is done of course with the intention to avoid misunderstandings in the interpretation of test scores reported by participants. The range of scores used by the Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL, TOEFL ITP, and TOEFL Prediction Test is 310 (lowest score) up to 677 (highest score), whereas for the Computer Based TOEFL, the lowest value is 0 and the highest value of 300 (TOEFL Score User Guide , 2000-2001). About the overall level of difficulty for this type of course the same test, so it can be said those who obtain a score of 677 on the TOEFL Paper and Pencil Based expected to obtain a score of 300 on Computer Based TOEFL, and vice versa if a participant obtained a score of 213 tests in the TOEFL test that uses computer (Computer Based TOEFL), the corresponding score on the Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL is 550.
e. How is the relationship of scores obtained by the level of one's mastery of English?
In general, we recognize three levels of mastery of foreign languages, namely Basic Level (Elementary), Intermediate Level (Intermediate) and Advanced (Advanced). TOEFL score, experts typically classify the language of this score into the following four levels (Carson, et al., 1990):
• Elementary Level (Elementary): 310 s.d. 420
• Lower Secondary Level (Low Intermediate): 420 sd 480
• Secondary Level (High Intermediate): 480 sd 520
• Advanced (Advanced): 525 677 s.d
From the classification score above, may arise if the TOEFL test questions given to American students, for example, whether they will have difficulty working on the TOEFL questions? Studies conducted by Johnson (1977) mentions that the average scores obtained by 173 first and second year students at the University of Tennessee, United States, is 628. That is, for English speakers themselves, the questions TOEFL can be done easily, as evidenced from which they obtained a score at the level of Proficient or Advanced.
By knowing the classification level of mastery of English, as seen above, we can certainly understand why it seems reasonable that universities in countries that use English as its official language, requires a certain TOEFL score for the candidate of their international students. To be accepted in S1, they commonly set score is approximately 475 sd 550, whereas for S2 and S3 program entry requirements TOEFLnya scores be higher, around 550 sd 600.
Questions are often raised in discussion forums English teachers in Indonesia is what should be the mastery of English a student in Indonesia so they can add to scientific knowledge through reading, written in English? Mastery at the level of Primary (Elementary) would not contribute significantly to the students in Indonesia in terms of efforts to increase knowledge through textbooks / written knowledge in English. Required minimum mastery level of Senior Secondary (High Intermediate) so the students can absorb the course material is written in English with relative ease.
Several universities in Indonesia has set a certain TOEFL score for its students (Huda, 1999). In connection with efforts to improve the quality of college graduates, a regulation requiring college students have a mastery of the TOEFL to a certain extent is expected to have a positive impact and we should support. A good mastery of English are expected to increase the ability to think and work on a global level, the working conditions in the future we need to prepare from now.
f. When and where someone could take the TOEFL test?
Paper and Pencil-Based TOEFL and the Computer Based TOEFL can be taken only at a certain time that has been scheduled long before the test was held. Place or testing center where both tests are held also been determined by the ETS as a licensee TOEFL test. Both kinds of TOEFL tests are held on a specific testing center tsb. also called the International TOEFL. This is intended to distinguish between them with ITP TOEFL and TOEFL Equivalent / Prediction.
As for the ITP TOEFL, test participants should contact the institution that has been designated by the IIEF Jakarta as a place of execution. For the implementation of the ITP TOEFL is required of participants at least 10 people. Unmul Language Institute since 2001 is one institution that has the right conduct TOEFL ITP.
Type of TOEFL test Prediction / Equivalent is the most flexible type of test implementation. In the Hall of Languages Unmul, this test also a test of the most widely followed by those who want to measure mastery of English for various purposes. Every time the test participant can take the test by contacting Hall of Languages Unmul at least one day before the day of operation.
Traveling to East Java
Example:
Mother Tell me about your trip to East Java.
Girl It was interesting. First, we flew by Garuda Airlines to Surabaya city. There we spent one night traveling around the Singapore of Surabaya. It was late when we ate Chinese food and saw Contemporary Dance in Double Happiness Restaurant near the city center. The next day, we continued our trip to Malang city where we visited the Alun-alun Park, and the Bird Market and all of the tourist attractions in the city, then the next morning we went to Mount Bromo to see the Kesodo ritual. Before leaving for Jakarta, we went Bakso bakar restaurant in Candi Trowulan street of Malang city.
Mother Did you enjoy the vacation?
Girl Yes, I did. Although the weather was very hot in Surabaya, the food there was delicious and the people were very friendly.
2. Test Of English for International Communication (TOEIC)
TOEIC is the acronym for Test of Home for International Communication. TOEIC test is an English proficiency test for people who native language is not English. TOEIC test scores indicate how well people can communicate in English with others in the global work environment. The test requires no specialized knowledge or vocabulary, these tests only measure the kind of English used in everyday activities.
What is the TOEIC® test?
“TOEIC®” stands for the Test of English for International Communication. The TOEIC® test is an English language proficiency test for people whose native language is not English. TOEIC® test scores indicate how well people can communicate in English with others in global workplace. The test does not require specialized knowledge or vocabulary; it measures only the kind of English used in everyday activities.
The TOEIC® test is the world’s leading test of English language proficiency in a workplace context. More than 4,000 corporation worldwide use the TOEIC® test, and more than 2 million people register to take the test every year.
What is the format of the TOEIC® test?
TOEIC® test is a two-hour, paper and pencil, multiple-choice test that consists of 200 questions divided into two separately timed sections:
• Section I: Listening Comprehension
This section consists of 100 questions and is divided into four parts. Candidates listen to a recording of a variety of statements, questions, short conversations, short talks, then answer questions based on the listening seqments. The entire Listening Comprehension Section takes approximately 45 minutes.
Part 1: Photographs 20 items (4-choice)
Part 2: Question and Response 30 items (3-choice)
Part 3: Short Conversation 30 items (4-choice)
Part 4: Short Talks 20 items (4-choice)
• Section II: Reading
The Reading Section consists of 100 questions presented in written format in the test booklet. Candidates read a variety of materials and respond at their own pace to questions based on the materials. The entire Reading Section takes 75 minutes.
Part 5: Incomplete Sentences 40 items (4-choice)
Part 6: Error Recognition 20 items (4-choice)
Part 7: Reading Comprehension 40 items (4-choice)
Candidates respond to the test questions by marking one of the letters (A), (B), (C), or (D) with a pencil on a separate answer sheet. Although the actual testing time is approximately two hours, additional time is needed to allow candidates to complete the biographical questions on the answer sheet and to respond to a brief questionnaire about their educational and work history.
What is the content of the TOEIC® test?
The TOEIC® test was designed to meet the needs of the working world. The test questions are developed from samples of spoken and written language collected from various countries around the world where English is used in the workplace. Test questions include many different settings and situations, such as:
• General business – contracts, negotiations, marketing, sales, business planning, conferences
• Manufacturing – plant management, assembly lines, quality control
• Finance and budgeting – banking, investments, taxes, accounting, billing
• Corporate development – research, product development
• Offices – board meetings, committees, letters, memoranda, telephone, fax and e-mail messages, office equipment and furniture, office procedures
• Personnel –recruiting, hiring, retiring, salaries, promotions, job applications, advertisements
• Purchasing – shopping, ordering supplies, shipping, invoices
• Technical areas – electronics, technology, computers, laboratories and related equipment, technical specifications
• Housing/ corporate property – construction, specifications, buying and renting, electric and gas services.
• Travel – trains, airplanes, taxis, buses, ships, ferries, tickets, schedules, station and airport announcements, car rentals, hotels, reservations, delays and cancellations
• Dining out – business and informal lunches, banquets, receptions, restaurant reservations
• Entertainment – cinema, theater, music, art, media
• Health – medical insurance, visiting doctors, dentists, clinics, hospitals
While the language from these settings provides the context of the test questions, candidates are not required to know specialized business and technical vocabulary. TOEIC® test is suitable for use in all environments where English is used by native speakers of other languages.
Who takes the TOEIC® test?
TOEIC® test takers include:
• People who use English in everyday work settings, such as business, hotels, hospitals, restaurants, airline industries, international meetings, conventions, and sports events.
• Managerial, sales, and technical employees in international business, commerce, and industry where English language skills are necessary
• People whose professional training will be conducted in English
• People who want to have an internationally recognized measure of English proficiency for their resume or curriculum vitae
Who uses the TOEIC® test and how is it used?
Organizations The TOEIC® test has become a recognized standard for many organizations around the world that need to evaluate the English proficiency of prospective or existing employees. Appropriate uses of the TOEIC® test in organizations may include:
• Recruiting, promoting, and placing employees – organizations may use the TOEIC® test to establish score standards, or benchmarks, based on the levels of English necessary to carry out particular responsibilities. These benchmarks are then used in making personnel decisions.
• Technical training – TOEIC® test scores can be used to determine whether an individual has sufficient English proficiency to participate in and benefit from training that is conducted in English.
• Overseas assignments – TOEIC® test scores can indicate whether an employee will be able to work and interact successfully if posted in an English – speaking country.
• Language training – TOEIC® test scores can be used to identify employees who require further English language training, to set learning goals for them, and to check their progress.
The Difference Between TOEFL and TOIEC
There are some differences, between TOEIC and TOEFL. In terms of purpose, TOEFL is used for academic purposes. While the TOEIC is used to find employment, business, and communications. So, the TOEIC as a life skill, more to the application, because every day in practice.
Then, in a comparison of the results of the assessment was different. For TOEFL, rather the value to individuals and institutions only. Meanwhile, TOEIC, in addition to individual scores are also useful in certification, benchmarking reports and analysis. Another difference seen in this type of test. Because, in TOIEC tested only listening and reading alone. Unlike the TOEFL test includes speaking and writing.
• But, Which One?
However, if viewed from the side of the needs and ages, will be able to choose which ones should be used. For example, students need a TOEFL more than TOIEC. This is because the subjects they still contained writing. However, beyond that, it should also exist in TOIEC exercises for writing. Because, however, this capability is also needed in the workplace.
In addition, because TOIEC using international standards, may be rational if the price of expensive test. Reportedly, all tests require funding of about 400 thousand per person. This price can be quite high for the general public, especially for students. Not everyone is able to fulfill it. Unlike the TOEFL is 'decent' affordable, enough with the 30 thousand only, the test can be performed. This becomes another consideration to weigh up the two types of this test. So, adjust the contents of money.
Refrensi :
1. http://www.its.ac.id/berita.php?nomer=2717
2. http://englishland.or.id/index.htm
3. http://ardian-dc.blogspot.com/2011/03/sejarah-toefl.html
4. http://kursusinggris.wordpress.com
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